Detlev Kröger

Senior Researcher and Emeritus Professor: Thermo-Fluid Division

Prof Detlev Kröger is currently appointed as a Researcher in the Department of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering. He is registered as a Professional Engineer with the Engineering Council of South Africa (1969, Registration No. 70449) and is evaluated as an A1-category researcher by the NRF.

Prof Kröger is a world-renowned leader in the field of research, development and design of cooling towers and air-cooled heat exchangers. Amongst the numerous awards he has received over the years, in 2002 he also received an honorary doctorate from Rand Afrikaans University and in 2003 the prestigious Bill Venter/Altron Literary Award for his internationally acclaimed book "Air-Cooled Heat Exchangers and Cooling Towers".

Academic Qualifications

BSc, BEng (Mechanical Engineering), Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 1962
SM and MechE, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge Mass, USA , 1965
ScD, (Mechanical Engineering), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge Mass, USA, 1967
DEng (Mechanical Engineering), Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 2004

Professional Experience

1999 - present:	Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stellenbosch University Senior Researcher and Emeritus Professor
1992 - 1999:	Institute for Thermodynamics and Mechanics (ITM) Director
1979 - 1992:	Bureau for Mechanical Engineering (BMI), Stellenbosch Director
1984:	Three Universities in Germany Visiting professor
1978:	Department of Mechanical Engineering, Lehigh University Bethlehem, PA, USA Visiting Professor
1974, 1983:	Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stellenbosch University Chairman
1971 - 1999:	Department of Mechanical Engineering, University or Stellenbosch Professor in Mechanical Engineering (Head: Division of Thermodynamics)
1968 – 1970:	Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stellenbosch University Senior Lecturer
1967:	South African Iron and Steel Corporation Research Engineer

Fields of Research

Heat Transfer
Thermodynamics
Air-cooled Heat Exchangers
Cooling Towers

Books and Chapters in Books

1.	Kröger, D.G., AIR-COOLED HEAT EXCHANGERS AND COOLING TOWERS, (2 volumes) PennWell Corporation, Tulsa, OK., U.S.A., 2004, Vol I: ISBN:0-87814-896-5, 502 pp, Vol II: ISBN: 1-59370-019-9, 444pp.
2.	Bejan, A., Vadász. P. and Kröger, D.G. (eds), ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT, Kluwer Academic Press, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1999.
3.	Kröger, D.G., AIR-COOLED HEAT EXCHANGERS AND COOLING TOWERS, in Thermal Plants, from Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), Developed under Auspices of the UNESCO, EOLSS Publishers, Oxford, U.K., 2005 [http://www.eolss.net].

Refereed Articles in Specialist Journals

1.	Kröger, D.G. and Rohsenow, W.M.: FILM CONDENSATION OF SATURED POTASSIUM VAPOR, International Journal of Heat Mass Transfer, Vol. 10, pp. 1891 – 1894, 1967.
2.	Kröger, D.G. and Rohsenow, W.M.: CONDENSATION HEAT TRANSFER IN THE PRESENCE OF A NON-CONDENSABLE GAS, International Journal of Heat Mass Transfer, Vol. 11, pp. 15 – 26, 1968.
3.	Kröger, D.G.: THERMAL RESISTANCE DUE TO THE PRESENCE OF A GAS DURING CONDENSATION, The South African Mechanical Engineer, Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 157 – 160, 1970 (Thomas Price Award).
4.	Kröger, D.G.: INTERPHASE MASS AND ENERGY TRANSFER DURING CONDENSATION, South African Chemical Processing, Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 40 45, 1971 (S.A. Chemical Processing Award).
5.	Van der Walt, J. and Kröger, D.G.: HEAT TRANSFER DURING FILM CONDENSATION OF SATURATED AND SUPERHEATED FREON 12, Progress in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 6, pp. 75 – 98, Pergamon Press, 1972.
6.	Van der Walt, J. and Kröger, D.G.: HEAT TRANSFER DURING LAMINAR FILM CONDENSATION OF SATURATED FREON 12, Heating Air Conditioning and Refrigeration, Vol. 5, No. 6, pp. 13 – 28 + 45, July 1973.
7.	Kröger, D.G.: Le Roux, E.R. and Pitout, P.A.: THE EXTERNAL HEAT LOAD ON A WATER-FILM COOLED FERMENTATION TANK, Heating, Air Conditioning and Refrigeration, Vol. 6, No. 3, pp. 29 – 43, 1974.
8.	Van der Walt, J. and Kröger, D.G.: THE HYDRODYNAMICS OF LIQUID FILM FLOW DOWN A VERTICAL SURFACE, The South African Mechanical Engineer, Vol. 25, No. 13, pp. 404 – 410, 1975 (Thomas Price Award).
9.	Kröger, D.G., Levy, E.K., and Chen, J.C.: FLOW CHARACTERISTICS IN PACKED AND FLUIDIZED ROTATING BEDS, Powder Technology, 24, 9 – 18, 1979.
10.	Kröger, D.G., Abdelnour, G., Levy, E.K. and Chen, J.C.: PRACTICAL DISTRIBUTION AND MIXING IN A CENTRIFUGAL FLUIDIZED BED, Fluidization, Plenum Press, pp. 349 – 356, 1980.
11.	Erens, P.J., and Kröger, D.G.: MEASUREMENT OF SODIUM VAPOUR PRESSURE USING SODIUM AS MANOMETER FLUID, Journal Mechanical Engineering Science, Vol. 22, No. 3, pp. 157 – 160, 1980.
12.	Kröger, D.G.: DESIGN OPTIMIZATION OF AN AIR-OIL HEAT EXCHANGER, Chemical Engineering Science, Vol. 38, No. 2, pp. 329 – 333, 1983.
13.	Erens, P.J. and Kröger, D.G.: THE INFLUENCE OF WALL–CONDENSATE INTERFACE RESISTANCE ON MEASUREMENTS OF LIQUID METAL CONDENSATION COEFFICIENT, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp. 306 – 308, 1983.
14.	Du Plessis, J.P., and Kröger, D.G.: FRICTION FACTOR PREDICTION FOR FULLY DEVELOPED LAMINAR TWISTED-TAPE FLOW, International Journal Heat Mass Transfer, Vol. 27, No. 11, pp. 2095 – 2100, 1984.
15.	Du Plessis, J.P., and Kröger, D.G.: HYDRODYNAMICAL ENTRANCE LENGTH EFFECTS FOR DUCT FLOWS WITH ARBITRARY INLET VELOCITY PROFILES, Transactions of the ASME, Journal of Applied Mechanics, Vol. 51 pp. 239 – 243, 1984.
	Back to top of page
16.	Kröger, D.G.: PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF INDUSTRIAL FINNED TUBES PRESENTED IN DIMENSIONAL FORM, International Journal Heat Mass Transfer, Vol. 29, No. 8, pp. 1119 – 1125, 1986.
17.	Coetzee, D., and Kröger, D.G.: ANALYSIS AND MEASUREMENT OF CONTACT AND GAP RESISTANCES IN EXTRUDED BI-METALLIC FINNED TUBES, Heat Recovery Systems, Vol. 6, No. 6, pp. 503 – 513, 1986.
18.	Du Plessis, J.P., Kröger, D.G.: HEAT TRANSFER CORRELATION FOR THERMALLY DEVELOPING LAMINAR FLOW IN A SMOOTH TUBE WITH A TWISTED-TAPE INSERT, International Journal Heat Mass Transfer, Vol. 30, No. 3, pp. 509 – 515, 1987.
19.	Kröger, D.G.: UNTERSUCHUNG VON TROCKENHÜHLSYSTEMEN, VGB KRAFTWERKSTECHNIK 68, Heft 10, pp. 1008 – 1011, 1988.
20.	Kröger, D.G.: RECIRCULATION IN AIR-COOLED MECHANICAL DRAUGHT HEAT EXCHANGERS, S.A. Mining World, Vol. 7, No. 10, pp. 65 + 69, 1988.
21.	Buys, J.D. and Kröger, D.G.: COST-OPTIMAL DESIGN OF DRY COOLING TOWERS THROUGH MATHEMATICAL PROGRAMMING TECHNIQUES, Transactions of the ASME, Journal of Heat Transfer, Vol. 111, pp. 322 – 327, 1989.
22.	Buys, J.D., and Kröger, D.G.: DIMENSIONING HEAT EXCHANGERS FOR EXISTING DRY COOLING TOWERS, Energy Conversion Management, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp. 63 - 71, 1989. Also in SAIME, R & D Journal Vol. 5. No. 1, pp. 17 – 23, 1989.
23.	Kröger, D.G.: REDUCTION IN PERFORMANCE DUE TO RECIRCULATION IN MECHANICAL-DRAFT COOLING TOWERS, Heat Transfer Engineering Journal, Vol. 10, No. 4, pp. 37 – 43, 1989.
24.	Venter S.J. and Kröger, D.G.: AN EVALUATION OF METHODS TO PREDICT THE SYSTEM EFFECT PRESENT IN AIR-COOLED HEAT EXCHANGERS, Heat Recovery Systems and CHP, Vol. 11, No. 5, pp. 431 – 440, 1991.
25.	Kröger, D.G.: THERMISCHE STRÖMUNG IN TROCKENGEKÜHLTEN SYSTEMEN FÜR KRAFTWERKE, VGB Kraftwerkstechnik, Vol. 11, No. 71, pp. 1013 – 1016, 1991.
26.	Venter, S.J. and Kröger, D.G.: THE EFFECT OF TIP CLEARANCE ON THE PERFORMANCE OF AN AXIAL FLOW FAN, Energy Conversion Management, Vol. 33, No. 2, pp. 89 – 97, 1992.
27.	Du Preez, A.F. and Kröger, D.G.: EFFECT OF WIND ON PERFORMANCE OF A DRY-COOLING TOWER, Heat Recovery Systems and CHP, Vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 139 – 146, 1993.
28.	Du Toit, C.G. and Kröger, D.G.: MODELLING OF THE RECIRCULATION IN MECHANICAL-DRAUGHT HEAT EXCHANGERS, S.A. Institution of Mechanical Engineers, R & D Journal, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 2 – 8, 1993.
29.	Van Aarde, D.J. and Kröger, D.G.: FLOW LOSSES THROUGH AN ARRAY OF A-FRAME HEAT EXCHANGERS, Heat Transfer Engineering, Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 43 – 51, 1993.
30.	Du Preez, A.F. and Kröger, D.G.: EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION INTO THE INFLUENCE OF CROSS-WINDS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF DRY-COOLING TOWERS, South African Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Research and Development Journal, Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 1 – 11, 1993.
	Back to top of page
31.	Terblanche, J.E. and Kröger, D.G.: EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF THE AERODYNAMIC INLET LOSSES IN COOLING TOWERS, South African Institution of Mechanical Engineers, R & D Journal, Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 41 – 44, 1994.
32.	Kröger, D.G.: FAN PERFORMANCE IN AIR-COOLED STEAM CONDENSERS, Heat Recovery Systems & CHP, Vol. 14, No. 4, pp. 391 – 399, 1994.
33.	Salta, C.A. and Kröger, D.G.: EFFECT OF INLET FLOW DISTORTIONS ON FAN PERFORMANCE IN FORCED DRAUGHT AIR-COOLED HEAT EXCHANGERS, Heat Recovery Systems and CHP, Vol. 15, No. 6, pp. 555 – 561, 1995.
34.	Groenewald, W. and Kröger, D.G.: EFFECT OF MASS TRANSFER ON TURBULENT FRICTION DURING CONDENSATION INSIDE DUCTS, Int. Journal Heat Mass Transfer, Vol. 38, No. 18, pp. 3385 – 3392, 1995.
35.	Du Preez, F. and Kröger, D.G.: EFFECT OF THE SHAPE OF THE TOWER SUPPORTS AND WALLS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF A DRY-COOLING TOWER SUBJECTED TO CROSS-WINDS, Heat Transfer Engineering, Vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 42 – 49, 1995.
36.	Duvenhage, K. and Kröger, D.G.: PLUME RECIRCULATION IN MECHANICAL-DRAFT AIR-COOLED HEAT EXCHANGERS, Heat Transfer Engineering, Vol. 16, No. 4, pp. 42 – 49, 1995.
37.	Du Preez, A.F. and Kröger, D.G.: THE EFFECT OF THE HEAT EXCHANGER ARRANGEMENT AND WIND-BREAK WALLS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF NATURAL DRAFT DRY-COOLING TOWERS SUBJECTED TO CROSS-WINDS, Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, Vol. 58, pp. 293 – 303, 1995.
38.	Botes, H. and Kröger, D.G.: ADIABATIC PRE-COOLING OF THE INLET AIR TO AN AIR-COOLED HEAT EXCHANGER, S.A. Institution of Mechanical Engineers, R & D Journal, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 13 – 21, 1996.
39.	Duvenhage, K., Vermeulen, J.A., Meyer, C.J. and Kröger, D.G.: FLOW DISTORTIONS AT THE FAN INLET OF FORCED DRAUGHT AIR-COOLED HEAT EXCHANGERS, Applied Thermal Engineering, Vol. 16, No. 8/9, pp. 741 – 752, 1996.
40.	Conradie, A.E., and Kröger, D.G.: PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF DRY-COOLING SYSTEMS FOR POWER PLANT APPLICATIONS, Applied Thermal Engineering, Vol. 16, No. 3, pp. 219 – 232, March 1996.
41.	Zapke, A. and Kröger, D.G.: THE INFLUENCE OF FLUID PROPERTIES AND INLET GEOMETRY ON FLOODING IN VERTICAL AND INCLINED TUBES, International Journal Multiphase Flow, Vol. 22, No. 3, pp. 461 – 472, 1996.
42.	Swanepoel, D.C. and Kröger, D.G.: ROTARY REGENERATOR DESIGN THEORY AND OPTIMISATION, South African Institution of Mechanical Engineers, R & D Journal, Vol. 12, No. 3, pp. 90 – 97, 1996.
43.	Beiler, M. and Kröger, D.G.: THERMAL PERFORMANCE REDUCTION IN AIR-COOLED HEAT EXCHANGERS DUE TO NONUNIFORM FLOW AND TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTIONS, Heat Transfer Engineering, Vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 82 – 92, 1996.
44.	Duvenhage, K. and Kröger, D.G.: THE INFLUENCE OF WIND ON THE PERFORMANCE OF FORCED DRAUGHT AIR-COOLED HEAT EXCHANGERS, Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, Vol. 62, pp. 259 – 277, 1996.
45.	Zipfel, T. and Kröger, D.G.: FLOW LOSS COEFFICIENTS AT AIR-COOLED CONDENSER FINNED TUBE INLETS, South African Institution of Mechanical Engineering, R & D Journal, Vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 62 – 67, 1997.
	Back to top of page
46.	Zipfel, T. and Kröger, D.G.: A DESIGN METHOD FOR SINGLE FINNED-TUBE-ROW AIR-COOLED STEAM CONDENSER TO AVOID BACK FLOW OF STEAM INTO ANY FINNED TUBE, South African Institution of Mechanical Engineering, R & D Journal, Vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 68 – 75, 1997.
47.	Conradie, A.E., Buys, J.D. and Kröger, D.G.: PERFORMANCE OPTIMIZATION OF DRY-COOLING SYSTEMS, FOR POWER PLANTS THROUGH SQP METHODS, Applied Thermal Engineering, Vol. 18, No. 1-2, pp. 25 – 45, 1998.
48.	Meyer, C.J. and Kröger, D.G.: PLENUM CHAMBER FLOW LOSSES IN FORCED DRAUGHT AIR-COOLED HEAT EXCHANGERS, Applied Thermal Engineering, Vol. 18, No. 9-10, pp. 875 – 893, 1998.
49.	Kröger, D.G.: DEVELOPMENT OF INDUSTRIAL COOLING SYSTEMS AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT, Energy and the Environment, (eds) Bejan, A., Vadász, P. and Kröger, D.G. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, pp. 163 – 174, 1999.
50.	De Villiers, E. and Kröger, D.G.: ANALYSIS OF HEAT, MASS AND MOMENTUM TRANSFER IN THE RAIN ZONE OF COUNTERFLOW COOLING TOWERS, Transactions of the ASME, Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, Vol. 121, No. 4, pp. 751 – 755, October 1999.
51.	Kröger, D.G. and Blaine, D.: ANALYSIS OF THE DRIVING POTENTIAL OF A SOLAR CHIMNEY POWER PLANT, S.A. Inst. of Mech. Eng., R & D Journal, Vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 85 – 94, 1999. (Received Campbell Pitt Award).
52.	Kröger, D.G. and Buys, J.D.: RADIAL FLOW BOUNDARY LAYER DEVELOPMENT ANALYSIS, S.A. Inst. of Mech. Eng., R & D Journal, Vol. 15, No. 13, pp. 95 – 102, 1999.
53.	Zapke, A. and Kröger, D.G.: COUNTERCURRENT GAS-LIQUID FLOW IN INCLINED AND VERTICAL DUCTS – I: FLOW PATTERNS, PRESSURE DROP CHARACTERISTICS AND FLOODING, International Journal of Multiphase Flow, Vol. 26, Issue 9, pp. 1439 – 1455, 2000.
54.	Zapke, A. and Kröger, D.G.: COUNTERCURRENT GAS-LIQUID FLOW IN INCLINED AND VERTICAL DUCTS – II: THE VALIDITY OF THE FROUDE-OHNESORGE NUMBER CORRELATION FOR FLOODING, International Journal of Multiphase Flow, Vol. 26, Issue 9, pp. 1457 – 1468, 2000.
55.	Schoenfeld, P.D. and Kröger, D.G.: FLOODING DURING REFLUX CONDENSATION OF STEAM IN AN INCLINED ELLIPTICAL TUBE, South African Institution of Mechanical Engineering, R & D Journal, Vol. 16, pp. 1 – 8, 2000.
56.	Dobson, R.T. and Kröger, D.G.: THERMAL CHARACTERISATION OF AN AMMONIA-CHARGED TWO-PHASE CLOSED THERMOSYPHON, South African Institution of Mechanical Engineering, R & D Journal, Vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 33 – 40, 2000.
57.	Beyers, J.H.M., Harms, T.M. and Kröger, D.G.: A FINITE VOLUME ANALYSIS OF TURBULENT CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER FOR ACCELERATING RADIAL FLOWS, Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A, 40, pp. 117 – 138, 2001.
58.	Meyer C.J. and Kröger, D.G.: AIR-COOLED HEAT EXCHANGER INLET FLOW LOSSES, Applied Thermal Engineering, Vol. 21, pp. 771 – 786, 2001.
59.	De Villiers, E. and Kröger, D.G.: INLET LOSSES IN COUNTERFLOW WET-COOLING TOWERS, Transactions of the ASME, Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, Vol. 123, No. 2, pp. 460 – 464, April 2001.
60.	Meyer, C.J. and Kröger, D.G.: NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THE FLOW FIELD IN THE VICINITY OF AN AXIAL FLOW FAN, International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids, Vol. 36, pp. 947 – 969, 2001.
	Back to top of page
61.	Lombaard, I.F. and Kröger D.G.: HEAT TRANSFER BETWEEN A HORIZONTAL FLAT SURFACE AND THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT, South African Institution of Mechanical Engineering, R & D Journal, Vol. 17, No 2, pp. 47 – 52, 2001.
62.	V.Z Smit, L. and Kröger, D.G.: FLOW DISTRIBUTION, PRESSURE DROP, FLOODING AND ENTRAINMENT IN AIR-COOLED REFLUX STEAM CONDENSER, South African Institution of Mechanical Engineering, R & D Journal, Vol. 17, No. 3, pp. 58 – 61, 2001.
63.	Schoenfeld, P.D. and Kröger, D.G.: PRESSURE DROP AND FLOODING DURING REFLUX CONDENSATION OF STEAM IN AN INCLINED ELLIPTICAL TUBE, Int. Jnl. of Transport Phenomena, Vol. 3, pp. 43 – 50, 2001.
64.	Kröger, D.G. and Buys, J.D.: SOLAR CHIMNEY POWER PLANT PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS, South African Institution of Mechanical Engineering, R & D Journal, Vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 31 – 36, July 2002.
65.	Lombaard, I.F. and Kröger, D.G.: SOLAR COLLECTOR PERFORMANCE, South African Institution of Mechanical Engineering, R & D Journal, Vol. 18, No. 3, pp. 55 – 62, November 2002.
66.	Kröger D.G.: CONVECTION HEAT TRANSFER BETWEEN A HORIZONTAL SUFACE AND THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT, South African Institution of Mechanical Engineering, R & D Journal, Vol. 18, No. 3, pp. 49 – 53, November 2002.
67.	Kloppers, J.C. and Kröger, D.G.: LOSS COEFFICIENT CORRELATION FOR WET-COOLING TOWER FILLS, Applied Thermal Engineering, Vol. 23, No. 17, pp. 2201 – 2211, December 2003.
68.	Kröger, D.G.: EVAPORATION FROM A WATER SURFACE EXPOSED TO THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT, South African Institution of Mechanical Engineering, R & D Journal (incorporated into The SA Mechanical Engineer), Vol. 19, No. 3, pp. 6 – 10, 2003.
69.	Kloppers, J.C. and Kröger, D.G.: COOLING TOWER PERFORMANCE: A CRITICAL EVALUATION OF THE MERKEL ASSUMPTIONS, South African Institution of Mechanical Engineering, R & D Journal (incorporated into the SA Mechanical Engineer), Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 24 – 29, 2004.
70.	70. Meyer, C.J. and Kröger, D.G.: NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF FAN PERFORMANCE ON FORCED DRAUGHT AIR-COOLED HEAT EXCHANGER PLENUM CHAMBER AERODYNAMIC BEHAVIOUR, Applied Thermal Engineering, Vol. 24, pp. 359 – 371, 2004.
71.	Kloppers, J.C.: COST OPTIMIZATION OF COOLING TOWER GEOMETRY, Engineering Optimization, Vol., 36, No. 5, pp. 575 – 584, October 2004.
72.	Kloppers, J.C. and Kröger, D.G.: A CRITICAL INVESTIGATION INTO THE HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER ANALYSIS OF CROSSFLOW WET-COOLING TOWERS, Numerical Heat Transfer: Part A: Applications, Vol. 46, No. 8, pp. 785 – 806, 2004.
73.	Meyer, C.J. and Kröger, D.G.: A NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE ERRORS ASSOCIATED WITH THE SCALING OF AXIAL FLOW FAN PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS, S.A. Institution of Mechanical Engineering R & D Journal, Vol. 20, No. 2, pp. 16 – 24, 2004.
74.	Kloppers, J.C. and Kröger, D.G.: COOLING TOWER PERFORMANCE EVALUATION – MERKEL, POPPE AND e-NTU METHODS OF ANALYSIS, Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, Vol. 127, No. 1, pp. 1 – 7, 2005.
75.	Kloppers, J.C. and Kröger, D.G.: THE LEWIS FACTOR AND ITS INFLUENCE ON THE PERFORMANCE PREDICTION OF WET-COOLING TOWERS, International Journal of Thermal Sciences, Vol. 44, pp. 879 – 884, 2005.
	Back to top of page
76.	Kloppers, J.C. and Kröger, D.G.: REFINEMENT OF THE TRANSFER CHARACTERISTIC CORRELATION OF WET-COOLING TOWER FILLS, Heat Transfer Engineering, Vol. 26, No. 4, pp. 1 – 7, 2005.
77.	Kloppers, J.C. and Kröger, D.G.: INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE INVERSIONS ON PERFORMANCE OF AIR-COOLED HEAT EXCHANGER (ACC) ON WET-COOLING TOWER PERFORMANCE, Applied Thermal Engineering, Vol. 25, No’s. 8 – 9, pp. 1325 – 1336, 2005.
78.	Kloppers, J.C. and Kröger, D.G.: A CRITICAL INVESTIGATION INTO THE HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER ANALYSIS OF COUNTERFLOW WET-COOLING TOWERS, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 48, No’s. 3 – 4, pp. 765 – 777, 2005.
79.	Esterhuyse, B.D. and Kröger, D.G.: VAPORIZATION OF WATER DROPLETS IN A LAMINAR GAS BOUNDARY LAYER, S.A. Institution of Mechanical Engineering R & D Journal, Vol. 21, No. 2, pp. 18 – 24, 2005.
80.	Esterhuyse, B.D. and Kröger, D.G.: THE EFFECT OF IONISATION OF SPRAY IN COOLING AIR ON THE WETTING CHARACTERISTICS OF FINNED TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER, Applied Thermal Engineering, Vol. 25, pp. 3129 – 3137, 2005.
81.	Burger, M. and Kröger, D.G.: EXPERIMENTAL CONVECTION HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT BETWEEN A HORIZONTAL SURFACE AND THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT, Paper submitted to Solar Energy, 2006.
82.	Bredell, J.R., Kröger, D.G. and Thiart, G.D.: NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF FAN PERFORMANCE IN A FORCED DRAFT AIR-COOLED STEAM CONDENSER. Applied Thermal Engineering 26, pp. 846 – 852, 2006.
83.	Bredell, J.R., Kröger, D.G. and Thiart, G.D.: NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION INTO AERODYNAMIC BLADE LOADING IN LARGE AXIAL FLOW FANS OPERATING UNDER DISTORTED INFLOW CONDITION. R & D Journal, incorporated in the South African Mechanical Engineer, Vol. 22, No. 2, July 2006.
84.	Pretorius, J.P. and Kröger, D.G.: CRITICAL EVALUATION OF SOLAR CHIMNEY POWER PLANT PERFORMANCE, Solar Energy, Vol. 80, Issue 5, pp. 535 – 544, May 2006.
85.	Pretorius, J.P. and Kröger, D.G.: SOLAR CHIMNEY POWER PLANT PERFORMANCE, Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, Vol. 128, pp. 302 – 311, August 2006.
86.	Pretorius, J.P. and Kröger, D.G.: SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF THE OPERATING AND TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS OF A SOLAR CHIMNEY POWER PLANT. Solar Energy Engineering, May 2007.
87.	Pretorius, J.P. and Kröger, D.G.: THERMO-ECONOMIC OPTIMIZATION OF A SOLAR CHIMNEY POWER PLANT, submitted to ASME Journal of solar Energy Engineering (submitted 14 Nov. 2006).
88.	Pretorius, J.P. and Kröger, D.G.: THE INFLUENCE OF AMBIENT WIND, TEMPERATURE LAPSE RATES AND NOCTURNAL TEMPERATURE INVERSIONS ON SOLAR CHIMNEY POWER PLANT PERFORMANCE, submitted to ASME Journal of Solar Energy Engineering (submitted 22 Nov 2006).
89.	Pretorius, J.P. and Kröger, D.G.: REGULATING SOLAR CHIMNEY POWER PLANT OUTPUT ACCORDING TO DEMAND, SUBMITTED TO ASME JOURNAL OF SOLAR ENERGY ENGINEERING (submitted 27 Nov. 2006).
90.	Pretorius, J.P. and Kröger, D.G.: INCORPORATING VEGETATION UNDER THE COLLECTOR ROOF OF A SOLAR CHIMNEY POWER PLANT, submitted to ASME Journal of Solar Energy Engineering (submitted 30 Nov. 2006.
91.	Von Backström, T.W., Harte, R., Höffer, R., Krätzig, W.B., Kröger, D.G., Nieman, H.-J. and van Zijl, G.P.A.G: STATE AND RECENT ADVANCES IN RESEARCH AND DESIGN OF SOLAR CHIMNEY POWER PLANT TECHNOLOGY, VGB PowerTech Journal 7/2008, pp. 64 - 71, July 2008.
92.	Fluri, T.P., Pretorius, J.p., Van Dyk, C., Von Backström, T.W., Kröger, D.G., Van Zijl, G.P.A.G.: COST ANALYSIS OF SOLAR CHIMNEY POWER PLANTS, accepted Solar Energy, Vol X, pp.XX - XX 2008.
93.	Pretorius, J.P. and Kröger, D.G.: THE INFLUENCE OF AMBIENT WIND, TEMPERATURE LAPSE RATES AND NOCTURNAL TEMPERATURE INVERSIONS ON SOLAR CHIMNEY POWER PLANT PERFORMANCE, submitted to ASME Journal of Solar Energy Engineering (submitted 22 Nov 2006).
94.	Pretorius, J.P. and Kröger, D.G.: REGULATING SOLAR CHIMNEY POWER PLANT OUTPUT ACCORDING TO DEMAND, submitted to ASME Journal of Solar Energy Engineering (submitted 27 Nov. 2006).
95.	Pretorius, J.P. and Kröger, D.G.: INCORPORATING VEGETATION UNDER THE COLLECTORE ROOF OF A SOLAR CHIMNEY POWER PLANT, submitted to ASME Journal of Solar Energy Engineering (submitted 30 Nov.2006)
	Back to top of page

Conference Proceedings

1.	Van der Walt, J.J. and Kröger, D.G.: HEAT TRANSFER DURING FILM CONDENSATION OF SATURATED AND SUPERHEATED FREON 12, Proceedings Int. Symposium of Two-phase Systems, Haifa, Israel, 1971.
2.	Van der Walt, J.J. and Kröger, D.G.: HEAT TRANSFER RESISTANCE DURING FILM CONDENSATION, Proceedings 5th International Heat Transfer Conference, Tokyo, Japan, September 1974.
3.	Van der Walt, J.J., and Kröger, D.G.: HEAT TRANSFER DURING LAMINAR FILM CONDENSATION OF SATURATED FREON 12, Conf. on Heat Transfer and the Design and Operation of Heat Exchangers, Johannesburg, 1974.
4.	Kröger, D.G.: LAMINAR CONDENSATION HEAT TRANSFER INSIDE INCLINED TUBES, Proceedings 16th National Heat Transfer Conference, St Louis, U.S.A., August 1976.
5.	Kröger, D.G.: DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH PERFORMANCE AIR-COOLED REFRIGERANT CONDENSER, Proceedings of the International Institute of Refrigeration, Belgrade, Yugoslavia, 1977.
6.	Van Rooyen R.S., and Kröger, D.G.: LAMINAR FLOW HEAT TRANSFER IN INTERNALLY FINNED TUBES WITH TWISTED-TAPE-INSERTS, Proceedings of the 6th Int. Heat Transfer Conference, Toronto, 1978
7.	Kröger, D.G.: OPTIMUM DIMENSIONS AND OPERATING CONDITIONS FOR FINNED HEAT EXCHANGER TUBES, Proceedings of the XV International Congress of Refrigeration, Venice, 1979, (Also in R + D Journal of the S.A. Inst. of Mech. Eng., 1985).
8.	Kröger, D.G., Abdelnour, G., Levy, E.K. and Chen, J.C.: CENTRIFUGAL FLUIDIZATION: EFFECT OF PARTICLE DENSITY AND SIZE DISTRIBUTION, Proceedings of the 86th National AICHE Meeting, Houston, 1979, and Chemical Engineering Communications, Vol. 5 (1 – 4) 55, 1980.
9.	Du Plessis, J.P. and Kröger, D.G.: NUMERICAL PREDICTION OF LAMINAR FLOW AND HEAT TRANSFER IN A TUBE WITH A TWISTED TAPE INSERT, Numerical Methods, in Laminar and Turbulent Flow, Ed. C. Taylor et al., Proc. of the Third International Conference on Numerical Methods in Laminar and Turbulent Flow held in Seattle 8th - 11th August 1983. Pineridge Press Swansea, U.K., 1983.
10.	Kröger, D.G.: RADIATOR CHARACTERISATION AND OPTIMIZATION, Paper presented at the SAE Int. Congress and Exposition Detroit, SAE 840380, Feb. 1984.
11.	Du Plessis, J.P. and Kröger, D.G.: FRICTION FACTOR PREDICTION FOR FULLY DEVELOPED LAMINAR TWISTED-TAPE FLOW, Proceedings of the 10th S.A. Symposium on Numerical Mathematics, Ballito, 1984.
12.	Du Plessis, J.P., Collins, M.R. and Kröger, D.G.: NUMERICAL MODELLING OF AIR FLOW IN CONFINED TAPERED DUCT INLETS, Proc, 11th IMACS World Congress, Norway, Aug. 1985. Also in Numerical Mathematics and Applications, Ed.R. Vichnevetsky and J. Vignes, Elsevier Science Publ., B.V. (North Holland). 1986.
13.	Kotze, J.C.B., Bellstedt, M.O. and Kröger, D.G.: PRESSURE DROP AND HEAT TRANSFER CHARACTERISTICS OF INCLINED FINNED TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER BUNDLES, Proc. 8th Int. Heat Transfer Conference, San Francisco, 1986.
14.	Geldenhuys, J.D., and Kröger, D.G.: AERODYNAMIC INLET LOSSES IN NATURAL DRAFT COOLING TOWERS, Proc. 5th IAHR Cooling Tower Workshop Monterey, U.S.A., 1986.
15.	Fourie, J.G., and Kröger, D.G.: INFLUENCE OF TURBULENCE ON PERFORMANCE OF CIRCULAR HELICALLY FINNED TUBES, Proc XVIIth Int. Congress the Refrigeration, Vienna, 1987.
	Back to top of page
16.	Kröger, D.G.: DRY COOLING RESEARCH, Proc. VGB Conference, “South Africa 1987”, Johannesburg 1987.
17.	Du Preez, A.F. and Kröger, D.G.: EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF AERODYNAMIC INLET LOSSES IN NATURAL DRAFT DRY COOLING TOWERS, 6th IAHR Cooling Tower Workshop, Pisa, Italy, 1988.
18.	Conradie, A., and Kröger, D.G.: REDUCTION IN PERFORMANCE DUE TO RECIRCULATION IN MECHANICAL DRAFT COOLING TOWERS, 26th National Heat Transfer Conference, Philadelphia. 1989./td>
19.	Dreyer, A.A., Erens, P.J., and Kröger, D.G.: PERFORMANCE PREDICTION OF CLOSED CIRCUIT EVAPORATIVE COOLERS AND CONDENSERS, Papers M.12, ASHRAE-FRIGAIR 90 Conference, Pretoria, S.A., April 1990.
20.	Kröger, D.G.: AIR-COOLED HEAT EXCHANGERS, Keynote address, HEAT EXCHANGERS IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING: A NEW PERSPECTIVE. A one day Symposium, S.A. Institution of Chemical Engineers, Vereeniging, S.A., 27 April 1990.
21.	Hoffmann, J.E. and Kröger, D.G.: ANALYSIS OF HEAT MASS AND MOMENTUM TRANSFER IN THE RAIN ZONE OF A NATURAL DRAFT COUNTERFLOW COOLING TOWER, Proc. of the Ninth International Heat Transfer Conference, Jerusalem, Israel, Paper 19 - EN - 19, pp. 227 – 232, August 19 – 24, 1990.
22.	Kröger, D.G.: THERMAL-FLOW RESEARCH INTO DRY-COOLING SYSTEMS FOR POWER PLANTS, VGB CONFERENCE “POWER PLANTS 1990”, Essen, Germany, 18 – 21 September 1990.
23.	Bellstedt, M.O. and Kröger, D.G.: FLOODING AT THE INLET OF AN AIR-COOLED CONDENSER TUBE OPERATING IN THE UPFLOW MODE, Paper presented at the SAIME National Symposium on Heat Transfer and Thermal Technology, Pretoria, South Africa, 15 January 1991.
24.	Du Toit, C.G. and Kröger, D.G.: NUMERICAL MODELLING OF RECIRCULATION IN MECHANICAL-DRAUGHT HEAT EXCHANGERS, Proc. 1st ICHMT Int. Numerical Heat Transfer Conference and Software Show, Guildford Surrey, England, July 1991.
25.	Conradie, T.A. and Kröger, D.G.: ENHANCED PERFORMANCE OF A DRY-COOLED POWER PLANT THROUGH AIR PRECOOLING, ASME Paper 91 - JPGC - Pwr-6 presented at the Int. Power Generation Conference, San Diego, CA, Oct. 1991.
26.	Du Preez, A.F. and Kröger, D.G.: INVESTIGATION INTO THE INFLUENCE OF CROSS-WINDS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF DRY-COOLING TOWERS, Paper presented at the 8th IAHR Cooling Tower and Spraying Pond Symposium, Karlsruhe, Germany, October 5-9, 1992.
27.	Kröger, D.G.: EXPERIMENTAL HEAT TRANSFER FLUID MECHANICS AND THERMODYNAMICS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF LARGE AIR-COOLED HEAT EXCHANGERS: Invited Lecture, Proc. 3rd World Conf. on Exp. Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics, Vol. 1, pp. 135-141, Honolulu, Hawaii, U.S.A., Elsevier Publ., 1993.
28.	Du Toit, C.G., Thiart, G.D. and Kröger, D.G.: ANALYSIS OF RECIRCULATION IN MECHANICAL-DRAUGHT HEAT EXCHANGERS, Proc. 3rd World Conf. on Exp. Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics, Vol. 1, pp. 377-383, Honolulu, Hawaii, U.S.A., Elsevier Publ., 1993.
29.	CDu Preez, A.F. and Kröger, D.G.: THE INFLUENCE OF A BUOYANT PLUME ON THE PERFORMANCE OF A NATURAL DRAFT COOLING TOWER, 9th IAHR Symposium on Cooling Towers and Spraying Ponds, Brussels, September, 1994.
30.	Terblanche, J.E. and Kröger, D.G.: EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF THE AERODYNAMIC INLET LOSSES IN COOLING TOWERS, Proc. of the Second International Thermal Energy Congress, Vol. 2, pp. 572 – 577, Agadir, Morocco, June, 1995.
	Back to top of page
31.	Kröger, D.G.: AIR-COOLED STEAM CONDENSER FAN PERFORMANCE, Second International Symposium on Dry-cooling Technology, Chinese Society for Electrical Engineering, Wutai Mountains, China, August, 1995.
32.	Kröger, D.G.: FAN PERFORMANCE IN AIR-COOLED STEAM CONDENSERS, Proceedings of the 1995 ASME International Joint Power Generation Conference, PWR - Vol. 28, pp 133 – 148, Minneapolis, October, 1995.
33.	Reuter, H.C. and Kröger, D.G.: PRESSURE CHANGE AND FLOODING IN VERTICAL AND INCLINED TUBES DURING REFLUX CONDENSATION OF STEAM, Proceedings 10th IAHR Cooling Tower and Spray Pond Symposium, Tehran, Iran, April, 1996.
34.	Zapke, A. and Kröger, D.G.: THE EFFECT OF FLUID PROPERTIES ON FLOODING IN VERTICAL AND INCLINED RECTANGULAR DUCTS AND TUBES, FED-Vol. 239, Proceeding of the ASME Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting, pp 527 – 532, San Diego, USA, July, 1996.
35.	Duvenhage, K., du Toit, C.G. and Kröger, D.G.: METHODS TO COMBAT THE INFLUENCE OF CROSS WIND ON FAN PERFORMANCE IN FORCED DRAUGHT AIR-COOLED HEAT EXCHANGERS, 1st South African Conference on Applied Mechanics 96, Midrand, South Africa, 1996.
36.	Reuter, H.C. and Kröger, D.G.: PRESSURE CHANGE AND FLOODING IN VERTICAL AND INCLINED TUBES DURING REFLUX CONDENSATION OF STEAM, Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on Transport Phenomena in Thermal-Fluids Engineering (ISTP 9), Vol. 2, pp 727 – 732, Singapore, June, 1996.
37.	Kröger, D.G.: AIR-COOLED STEAM CONDENSER DRAUGHT EQUATION. 6th Australasian Heat and Mass Transfer Conference, Sydney, Dec., 1996.
38.	Zapke, A. and Kröger, D.G.: PRESSURE DROP DURING GAS-LIQUID COUNTERCURRENT FLOW IN INCLINED RECTANGULAR DUCTS, Proceedings of the 5th Int. Heat Pipe Symposium, Melbourne, Australia, Nov. 1996, Heat Pipe Technology, eds. Andrews, J., Akbarzadeh, A. and Sauciuc, I., pp 156 – 163, Pergamon Press, 1997.
39.	Zapke, A. and Kröger, D.G.: VAPOR-CONDENSATE INTERACTIONS DURING COUNTERFLOW IN INCLINED REFLUX CONDENSERS, HTD-Vol. 342, ASME National Heat Transfer Conference, Vol. 4, pp. 157 – 162, Baltimore, 1997.
40.	Hoffman, J.E. and Kröger, D.G.: THE RESPONSE OF A LARGE NATURAL DRAFT DRY-COOLING TOWER TO AMBIENT TEMPERATURE STRATIFICATION, EPRI TR-108483 2113, Proceedings: Cooling Tower Technology Conference, pp. 1.79 – 1.94, St. Petersburg, Florida, 1997.
41.	Goldschagg, H.B., Vogt, F., du Toit, C.G., Thiart, G.D. and Kröger, D.G.: AIR COOLED STEAM CONDENSER PERFORMANCE IN THE PRESENCE OF CROSSWINDS, EPRI TR-108483 2113, Proceedings: Cooling Tower Technology Conference, pp. 1.61-1.77, St. Petersburg, Florida, 1997.
42.	De Villiers, E. and Kröger, D.G.: ANALYSIS OF HEAT MASS AND MOMENTUM TRANSFER IN THE RAIN ZONE OF COUNTERFLOW COOLING TOWERS, Proc. of the 1997 IJPGC, PWR - Vol. 32, Vol. 2, pp. 141 149, Denver, November 1997. (Received Best Paper Award).
43.	Dobson, R. and Kröger, D.G.: EFFECT OF EVAPORATOR SURFACE ON THE MAXIMUM HEAT TRANSFER RATE OF AN INCLINED TWO-PHASE CLOSED THERMOSYPHON, 10th International Heat Pipe Conference, Stuttgart, Germany, September 1997.
44.	Meyer, C.J. and Kröger, D.G.: NUMERICAL MODELING OF AN AXIAL FLOW FAN, Proc. 2nd South African Conference on Applied Mathematics, Vol. 2, pp. 657-668, Cape Town, January 1998.
45.	Kröger D.G.: DEVELOPMENT OF INDUSTRIAL COOLING SYSTEMS AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT, Proceedings of the USA-RSA Bi National Energy and Environmental Workshop, pp. 43-55, Durban 1998.
	Back to top of page
46.	Schoenfeld, P.D. and Kröger, D.G.: FLOODING DURING REFLUX CONDENSATION OF STEAM IN AN INCLINED ELLIPTICAL TUBE, Proceedings of the Int. Conference, Heat Exchangers for Sustainable Development, pp. 107 – 115, Lisbon, 1998.
47.	Schoenfeld, P.D. and Kröger D.G.: PRESSURE DROP AND FLOODING DURING REFLUX CONDENSATION OF STEAM IN AN INCLINED DUCT, Proc. 11th IAHR Cooling Tower Symposium, Cottbus Germany, 1998.
48.	De Villiers, E. and Kröger, D.G.: INLET LOSSES IN COUNTERFLOW WET-COOLING TOWERS, Proc. of the 1999 Int. Joint Power Conference, PWR-Vol. 34, Volume 2, pp. 601 – 606, ASME, 1999. (Received Best Paper Award).
49.	Dobson. R.T. and Kröger, D.G.: EVAPORATOR HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT AND MAXIMUM HEAT TRANSFER RATE OF AN AMMONIA-CHARGED INCLINED TWO-PHASE CLOSED-THERMOSYPHON, Proc. 11th Int. Heat Pipe Conference, Tokyo 12-16, Sep. 1999.
50.	Meyer, C.J. and Kröger, D.G.: NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THE FLOW FIELD IN THE VICINITY OF AN AXIAL FLOW FAN, Proc. Int. Conf. SACAM 2000, pp. 172 – 178, Durban, 11-13 Jan. 2000.
51.	Dobson, R.T. and Kröger, D.G.: THERMAL CHARACTERISATION OF AN AMMONIA-CHARGED TWO-PHASE CLOSED THERMOSYPHON. 10th International Air Conditioning, Refrigeration & Ventilation Congress. Midrand, South Africa, 2000.
52.	Kröger, D.G. and Buys, J.: PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF A SOLAR CHIMNEY POWER PLANT, Proc. ISES, Adelaide, 2001.
53.	Lombaard, I.F. and Kröger D.G.: HEAT TRANSFER BETWEEN A HORIZONTAL SURFACE AND THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT, Proc. ISES, Adelaide, 2001.
54.	Kloppers, J.C., and Kröger, D.G.: A CRITICAL COOLING TOWER PERFORMANCE EVALUATION (received best paper award), Proc. 12th, Int. Ass. of Hydr. Res., Cooling Tower and Heat Exchanger Conference, Sydney, pp. 108 – 115, Australia, 2001.
55.	Kröger, D.G.: PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF AIR-COOLED STEAM CONDENSERS, Invited Keynote presentation, 12th, Int. Ass. of Hydr. Res., Cooling Tower and Heat Exchanger Conference, pp. 1 – 7, Sydney, Australia, 2001.
56.	Beyers, J.H.M., Kröger, D.G. and Harms, T.M.: TURBULENT CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER FOR ACCELERATING RADIAL FLOWS WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON BUOYANCY, Proc. 1st International Conference of Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics, (HEFAT 2002), Vol. 1 – Part 2, pp. 575 – 580, Kruger Park, South Africa, 2002.
57.	Kröger, D.G.: CORRELATING FLOODING DATA FOR COUNTERCURRENT GAS-LIQUID FLOW IN INCLINED AND VERTICAL DUCTS, Keynote Paper, Proc. 1st International Conference of Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics, (HEFAT 2002), Vol. 1 – Part 1, pp. 87 – 98, Kruger Park, South Africa, 2002.
58.	Kröger, D.G.: ANALYSIS OF CONVECTION HEAT TRANSFER FROM AN INFINITE UPWARD-FACING HEATED HORIZONTAL SURFACE EXPOSED TO THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT, 12th International Heat Transfer Conference, Vol. 2, pp 633 – 638, Grenoble, France, August 2002.
59.	Kloppers, J.C. and Kröger, D.G.: COOLING TOWER PERFORMANCE EVALUATION – MERKEL VS POPPE METHODS OF ANALYSIS, 2nd International Conference of Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics, (HEFAT 2003), KJ1, Victoria Falls, Zambia, 24 – 26 June 2003.
60.	Westdyk. E. and Kröger, D.G.: EVAPOTRANSPIRATION OF GRASS GROWING UNDER GLASS AND SUBJECT TO RADIATION AND CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER, 2nd International Conference of Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics, (HEFAT 2003), WD1, Victoria Falls, Zambia, pp. 24 – 26 June 2003.
	Back to top of page
61.	Kröger, D.G.: HEAT TRANSFER BETWEEN A HORIZONTAL SURFACE AND THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT, Paper P2.29, Proceedings of the International Solar World Congress, Göteborg, Sweden, June 2003.
62.	Burger, M. and Kröger, D.G.: EXPERIMENTAL CONVECTION HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT ON A HORIZONTAL SURFACE EXPOSED TO THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT, Proc. EUROSUN 2004, 14 Intern. Sonnenforum, pp. 1-422 to 1-430, Freiburg, Germany, 2004.
63.	63. Pretorius, J.P., Kröger, D.G., Buys, J.D. and von Backström, T.W.: SOLAR POWER PLANT PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS, Proc. EUROSUN, 2004, 14 Intern. Sonnenforum, pp. 1-870 to 1-879, Freiburg, Germany, June 2004.
64.	Lombaard, I.F. and Kröger, D.G.: STORAGE OF SOLAR ENERGY IN A PLASTIC COVERED WATER TANK, Proc. HEFAT, 3rd Int. Conf. on Heat Transfer Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics, Cape Town, South Africa 2004.
65.	Kloppers, J.C. and Kröger, D.G.: THE SUPERSATURATED PSYCHROMETRIC CHART WITH AN ILLUSTRATIVE COOLING TOWER EXAMPLE, 3rd International Conference of Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics, (HEFAT 2004), KJ1, Cape Town, South Africa, 21 – 24 June 2004.
66.	Reuter, H.C.R., Kröger, D.G.: EFFECTS OF WETTABILITY ON THE PERFORMANCE OF CROSS-FLUTED COUNTERFLOW FILM FILL AND THE DROP SIZE DISTRIBUTION UNDER THE FILL, 13th IAHR Cooling Tower Conference, Poitiers, France, 12 – 16 June 2005.
67.	Zapke, A., Goldschagg, H. and Kröger, D.G., FLOW LIMITATIONS IN A DEPHLEGMATOR AND MODIFICATIONS FOR PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT OF THE MATIMBA POWER STATION AIR-COOLED STEAM CONDENSING SYSTEM, 13th IAHR Cooling Tower Conference, Poitiers, France, 12 – 16 June 2005.
68.	Kirstein, C.F., von Backström, T.W. and Kröger, D.G.: FLOW PHENOMENA IN THE TRANSITION SECTION COLLECTOR-TO-CHIMNEY TRANSITION SECTION, Proc. ISEC 2005, International Solar Energy Conference, Orlando, 2005,
69.	Kirstein, C.F., von Backström, T.W. and Kröger, D.G.: FLOW PHENOMENA IN THE TRANSITION SECTION COLLECTOR-TO-CHIMNEY TRANSITION SECTION, 4th Int. Conf. on Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics, (HEFAT), Cairo, Egypt. 19 – 22 Sept. 2005.
70.	Pretorius, J.P., Kröger, D.G.: THERMAL-FLOW ANALYSIS OF A SOLAR CHIMNEY POWER PLANT, 4th Int. Conf. on Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics, (HEFAT), Cairo, Egypt. 19 – 22 Sept. 2005.
71.	Pretorius, J.P., Kröger, D.G.: THERMO-ECONOMIC OPTIMIZATION OF A SOLAR CHIMNEY POWER PLANT, Proc. 17th International Congress of Chemical and Process Engineering, (CHISA 2006), Prague, Czech Rep., 27-31 Aug. 2006.
72.	Burger, M., Kröger, D.G.: EXPERIMENTAL CONVECTION HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT BETWEEN A HORIZONTAL SURFACE AND THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT, Proc. 17th International Congress of Chemical and Process Engineering, Prague, Czech Rep., Lecture J6.04, Summary: pp. 1523 – 1524, 27 – 31 Aug. 2006.
73.	Fluri, T.P., Pretorius, J.P., van Dyk, C.P., von Backström, T.W., Kröger, D.G. and van Zijl, G.P.A.G., COST ANALYSIS OF SOLAR CHIMNEY POWER PLANT, EUROSUN 2006, Glasgow, 2006.
74.	Van der Spuy, S.J., Von Backström, T.W. and Kröger, D.G.: AXIAL FAN PERFORMANCE IN POWER PLANT AIR COOLED STEAM CONDENSERS, Proceedings of Fan Noise 2007, Lyon, France, 17 - 19 September 2007.
75.	Dos S. Bernardes, M.A., von Backström, T.W. and Kröger, D.G.: CRITICAL EVALUATION OF HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENTS APPLICABLE TO SOLAR CHIMNEY POWER PLANT COLLECTORS, Vol. IV, pp. 1706 - 1713, Proceedings of ISES World Congress 2007, Solar Energy and Human Settlement, Beijing, China, 18 - 21 September 2007.
76.	Van der Spuy, S.J., Von Backström, T.W. and Kröger, D.G.: SIMULATION OF A MULTIPLE FAN INSTALLATION USING COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS, Sixth South African Conference on Computational and Applied Mechanics (SACAM08), Cape Town, South Africa, 26- 28 March 2008

Technical Reports

1.	Kröger, D.G., COOLING TOWER PERFORMANCE EVALUATION, WATER RESEARCH COMMISSION REPORT NO. 478/1/96, 600 pages, ISBNI-86845-230-1, PRETORIA, SOUTH AFRICA, 1996.
2.	SOLAR POWER PLANT, Government of the North Cape, 2000.
3.	158 REPORTS FOR INDUSTRY.

Prof Detlev Kröger

Return to Academic Personnel